摩洛哥食品安全存在结构性风险

Core Insights - Morocco's food sovereignty faces structural risks due to increasing reliance on imports for essential food items, impacting national food security and fiscal stability [1][2] Group 1: Food Production and Imports - Since 2019, Morocco's food production has been declining, with an average annual total production of less than 5 million tons, which is only half of the highest production year [1] - The proportion of staple food imports exceeds 70%, with food imports reaching 5.2 million tons in 2022, costing over 2 billion euros [1] Group 2: Government Subsidies and Fiscal Impact - To stabilize domestic food prices, government subsidy expenditures have been rising, with wheat subsidies reaching 134 million USD in 2023 and sugar subsidies projected at 438 million USD in 2024, further increasing fiscal burdens [1] Group 3: Dietary Concerns - Sugar consumption has reached 48 kilograms per person per year, which is four times the recommended nutritional value, while the consumption of traditional healthy foods like legumes has significantly decreased, leading to an imbalanced diet that threatens local residents' health [1] Group 4: Agricultural Development Model - Morocco's agricultural development model has been export-oriented, focusing on high-value export crops, which has led to issues such as over-extraction of groundwater, uneven regional development, and widening gaps between large farms and smallholders [2] - The agricultural system's high dependence on imported fertilizers, seeds, machinery, and feed makes food production and supply chains vulnerable to international market fluctuations, posing structural risks to food security [2] Group 5: Policy Recommendations - MIPA calls for the government to reassess agricultural policies, strengthen local production and short supply chains, support small and medium-sized farmers, and promote healthier and more sustainable consumption patterns [2]