我国实现全球首次基于熔盐堆的钍铀核燃料转换

Core Insights - The 2 MW thorium-based molten salt experimental reactor in Wuwei, Gansu Province, has successfully achieved the world's first thorium-uranium nuclear fuel conversion, marking a significant milestone for China's nuclear energy development [1][5] - The reactor is currently the only operational molten salt reactor globally that has incorporated thorium fuel, providing essential technological support for the large-scale development and utilization of thorium resources in China [1][2] Group 1: Thorium Resources and Advantages - Thorium resources are widely distributed in the Earth's crust, with proven reserves estimated to be 3 to 4 times that of uranium resources, and China has a proven industrial reserve of 280,000 tons, ranking second in the world [2] - The thorium-based molten salt reactor (TMSR) is recognized as the optimal reactor type for utilizing thorium resources, featuring inherent safety, no water cooling, atmospheric operation, and high-temperature output [2][3] Group 2: Safety and Environmental Considerations - The molten salt reactor mitigates the risk of radioactive leakage associated with traditional solid fuel reactors, as it operates with liquid fuel that can safely terminate the nuclear reaction in case of overheating [2][3] - The thorium fuel cycle reduces the risk of nuclear proliferation, as the nuclear waste produced is less likely to be used for weaponization compared to traditional uranium reactors [3] Group 3: Development and Future Plans - The experimental reactor has achieved over 90% domestic production rate, with 100% of key core equipment being domestically sourced, establishing a self-controlled supply chain [4] - The successful operation of the experimental reactor lays the groundwork for future research and development, with plans to build a 100 MW demonstration project by 2035 in collaboration with enterprises like the State Power Investment Corporation [6]