美联储官员齐发声 12月降息路径现分歧

Core Views - The Federal Reserve officials are engaged in a heated debate regarding the direction of monetary policy, with notable divisions on the decision to lower interest rates [1][5] Group 1: Hawkish Perspectives - Dallas Fed President Lorie Logan and Cleveland Fed President Beth Hammack oppose the recent rate cut decision, emphasizing that inflation risks have not fully dissipated and cautioning against aggressive rate cuts [3][4] - Logan highlights that while overall inflation is declining, core service prices and wage growth exhibit "sticky" characteristics, warning that excessive rate cuts could accelerate inflation, forcing the FOMC to tighten policy again [3] - Hammack points out that the current policy stance is close to neutral but not fully achieved, citing that the November core CPI rose 3.3% year-over-year, with service price increases still above pre-pandemic levels [3] Group 2: Dovish Perspectives - Fed Governor Christopher Waller advocates for a gradual approach to rate cuts, stating that current rates remain significantly above neutral levels, and further cuts would not be a drastic measure but rather a moderation of policy [4] - Waller notes that the labor market has shifted from overheating to balance, but warns of potential upward pressure on unemployment due to reduced job creation by new businesses [4] - He also mentions uncertainties in fiscal policy, indicating that large-scale tariffs or fiscal expansion could raise short-term inflation, while long-term economic slowdown and debt burdens may limit policy flexibility [4] Group 3: Powell's Position and Market Reaction - Fed Chair Jerome Powell acknowledges significant internal disagreement on the path of rate cuts, stating that the recent 25 basis point cut to 3.75%-4.00% was a cautious choice balancing employment and inflation risks [5] - Powell emphasizes that the decision for December will depend entirely on economic data over the next six weeks, highlighting three uncertainties: government shutdown impacts on Q4 GDP, tariff policy effects on prices, and potential deterioration in the labor market [5] - Following these statements, market expectations for a December rate cut have decreased sharply from 80% to 55%, with the dollar index rising above 104, indicating a shift in market sentiment [5]