流感流行季来了吗？“打了流感疫苗会导致病毒变异”是真的吗？一文了解

Core Insights - The flu season in China is expected to arrive earlier this year due to various factors, with the flu virus being the primary pathogen for acute respiratory infections this winter and spring [1] - The current flu activity in China is on the rise, particularly in southern provinces, with Guangdong and Hainan showing higher levels of flu activity compared to other regions [1] Flu Virus Strains - The predominant flu strain currently circulating in China is the H3N2 subtype, accounting for over 95% of the flu viruses detected [3] - H3N2 is not a new subtype; it has been commonly observed in previous flu seasons, with different strains often alternating dominance [3] Symptoms and Treatment - Flu symptoms are typically more severe than other respiratory diseases, including high fever above 38.5°C, muscle pain, and significant systemic symptoms [5] - Common symptoms across different flu virus subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, and B) are similar, and antiviral treatments are effective regardless of the subtype [7] Antiviral Medications - The main antiviral medications used in China for treating flu include Oseltamivir and Marbofloxacin, with Oseltamivir being available in various forms suitable for children [7] - Marbofloxacin, a newer RNA polymerase inhibitor, requires only a single dose, making it particularly suitable for children and the elderly, although it is currently approved for use in individuals aged 5 and older [7] Vaccine and Virus Mutation - There are misconceptions that flu vaccines can cause virus mutations; however, it has been clarified that vaccines do not induce mutations, as the flu virus mutates annually regardless of vaccination [11] - Vaccination is beneficial and does not contribute to virus variation, which is a natural occurrence [11]