观点丨魏天骐 代志新：创新驱动增长的历史逻辑与时代启示——2025诺贝尔经济学奖解读

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding the mechanisms of innovation-driven economic growth, highlighting the need for tax reform in the context of the digital economy and structural changes in the global economy [4][12]. Group 1: Innovation and Economic Growth - The article emphasizes that the current global economy is undergoing a profound structural transformation, driven by technological advancements in fields such as artificial intelligence and biotechnology, while facing challenges from de-globalization and geopolitical conflicts [4][12]. - The Nobel laureates' research reveals that innovation is not merely an external factor but an intrinsic driver of economic growth, challenging traditional economic paradigms [6][11]. - Mokyr's work highlights the importance of cultural and institutional factors in fostering innovation, suggesting that the Enlightenment period created a conducive environment for knowledge sharing and technological advancement [7][12]. Group 2: Theoretical Contributions - Aghion and Howitt's mathematical modeling of "creative destruction" provides a framework for understanding the dynamic process of innovation and its dual nature of incentivizing investment while potentially leading to over-competition [8][9]. - Their model illustrates the externalities of innovation, arguing that the social value of innovation often exceeds its private value, which justifies government intervention through subsidies and tax policies [9][10]. - The research indicates that innovation can lead to cyclical economic fluctuations, suggesting that while it is a source of growth, it can also result in periods of economic downturn [10][11]. Group 3: Policy Implications - The article stresses the need for a balanced policy approach to address the complexities of sustainable growth, emphasizing that technological progress must be aligned with institutional frameworks to mitigate issues like environmental degradation and social inequality [12][13]. - It warns that the current global economic landscape poses significant risks to innovation-driven growth, necessitating the maintenance of open knowledge networks and competitive market structures to sustain economic dynamism [13].