专访欧洲经济学家乌赞：世界正处于转折点 全球南方力量正在崛起

Core Insights - The global South, particularly countries like China and India, is increasingly becoming a growth engine for the world economy, with China advocating for reforms in global governance through initiatives like the Global Governance Initiative presented at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit [1][9]. Group 1: Global Governance Reform - The Bretton Woods system is facing significant challenges, including outdated quota distributions that do not reflect the economic weight of emerging markets, monopolistic practices in leadership selection, and a disconnect between the institutions' missions and the realities of capital mobility [2][9]. - The establishment of new institutions by China, such as the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), signifies a push for inclusive reforms in the global governance framework [6][13]. Group 2: Dollar Dominance and Currency Dynamics - While the U.S. dollar remains the dominant reserve currency, its supremacy is being challenged by factors such as the weaponization of the dollar through sanctions, increasing domestic policy uncertainty in the U.S., the growing use of the renminbi in international trade, and innovations in digital currencies [7][8]. - The rise of stablecoins, projected to grow from approximately $300 billion to $4 trillion by 2030, could significantly alter the landscape of reserve currencies, potentially reinforcing the dollar's position or complicating monetary policy in emerging markets [8]. Group 3: Role of BRICS and Emerging Economies - The expansion of the BRICS group reflects the increasing influence of emerging economies and their collective desire to reduce dependence on the dollar [11][12]. - The BRICS nations are seen as key players in advocating for global governance reforms, with initiatives like the New Development Bank serving as evidence of their commitment to multilateralism [11][12]. Group 4: China's Position in Global Finance - China is positioned as a crucial participant in the global financial architecture, promoting a model of inclusivity rather than seeking hegemony, as evidenced by its various global governance initiatives and participation in existing institutions like the IMF and World Bank [13]. - The ongoing development of infrastructure investments under initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative is reshaping global trade dynamics, particularly in Central Asia and the Middle East [11].