俄罗斯出口石油，为啥卖给中国要80一桶，而对印度却只要30？

Core Viewpoint - The claim that Russia sells oil to India at $30 per barrel and to China at $80 is misleading and oversimplifies the complexities of the international energy market [1][10]. Group 1: Price Comparison - The price difference between Russian oil sold to India and China is primarily due to the quality of the crude oil, with India importing Urals crude and China importing ESPO crude, which has a higher quality and thus a higher price [3][4]. - As of August 2025, the international average price for Urals crude was approximately $64.22 per barrel, with India purchasing it at around $60 after discounts, rather than the rumored $30 [4]. - In 2022, India imported 33.21 million tons of Russian oil at an average price of $88.5 per barrel, while China imported at an average of $92.84 per barrel, indicating that the price difference is not as significant as claimed [4]. Group 2: Transportation and Payment Factors - Transportation costs differ, as Russian oil to India is shipped over longer distances, while oil to China is transported via pipelines, resulting in lower costs for China [5]. - The depth of cooperation between China and Russia, including long-term contracts and technology sharing, leads to more stable and transparent pricing compared to India's more flexible and uncertain procurement strategy [5][6]. Group 3: International Political Environment - India's oil imports from Russia have faced pressures from Western sanctions, leading to fluctuations in supply and pricing, while China has maintained a more stable import strategy despite similar pressures [6][7]. - By August 2025, China accounted for 47% of Russian oil exports, while India's share decreased to approximately 37%, reflecting a shift in import dynamics [6][7]. Group 4: Strategic Considerations - China's procurement strategy has matured, focusing on long-term contracts and real-time monitoring of supply, which allows for better risk management and pricing stability [7]. - The higher price paid by China for ESPO crude is offset by the higher value of refined products, resulting in greater economic benefits despite the apparent price difference [7][10].