这些人得流感后更容易发展为重症，中疾控支招

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of preventive measures against influenza as the season approaches, highlighting key strategies for individuals and families to maintain health during this period [1]. Group 1: Influenza Overview - Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, which is categorized into four types: A, B, C, and D. The predominant strains currently circulating in China are the H3N2 subtype of type A, along with the Victoria lineage of type B and the H1N1 subtype of type A [2]. Group 2: Transmission and Symptoms - The primary transmission sources of seasonal influenza are infected patients and asymptomatic carriers. The virus spreads mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person talks, sneezes, or coughs. It can also be transmitted through direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes [3]. - Typical symptoms of influenza include fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, with body temperature reaching 39-40°C. Other symptoms may include sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, and fatigue [4]. Group 3: High-Risk Groups - Certain populations are at higher risk of developing severe influenza, including infants, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with chronic underlying conditions such as heart and lung diseases, diabetes, and immunosuppression [5]. Group 4: Prevention Strategies - A dual prevention strategy of "vaccination + hygiene habits" is recommended. Timely vaccination is the most effective means of preventing influenza, with September to October being the optimal time for vaccination. Good hygiene practices include regular handwashing, using tissues when coughing or sneezing, and maintaining a balanced diet to enhance immunity [6]. Group 5: Safe Environment Practices - To create a safe home and office environment, it is advised to ventilate regularly by opening windows 2-3 times a day for 20-30 minutes, disinfect frequently touched surfaces, and maintain cleanliness by timely disposal of garbage [7][8][9]. Group 6: Precautions for High-Risk Individuals - High-risk individuals should minimize visits to crowded and enclosed public spaces and are advised to wear masks in such environments. It is also recommended to wear masks when visiting hospitals or using public transportation [10]. Group 7: Response to Symptoms - Influenza is generally self-limiting, with healthy individuals recovering within 1 to 2 weeks. However, early medical consultation is advised for persistent high fever, difficulty breathing, or severe symptoms. Patients should rest at home and avoid close contact with others until symptoms subside [12][13].