中国经济微观察 “四链融合”“中国造”越来越有分量了

Core Viewpoint - China has made significant strides in overcoming "choke point" technologies through a new type of national system under centralized leadership, emphasizing self-reliance in technology and innovation [1][2]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - The "Four Chain Integration" aims to facilitate the transformation of scientific achievements into industrial applications, enhancing the speed at which laboratory innovations become market-ready products [2][3]. - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, R&D expenditure increased from 2.44 trillion yuan to 3.61 trillion yuan, maintaining the second position globally, with R&D intensity rising from 2.40% to 2.68%, surpassing the EU average for the first time [3]. - At least 21 out of 35 previously identified "choke point" technologies are expected to be overcome by 2024, supported by 77 major national scientific infrastructure projects [3]. Group 2: Funding and Support Mechanisms - A new "enterprise innovation points system" has been implemented, allowing companies to secure funding without collateral based on their innovation scores, which consider factors like talent and patents [4]. - Over 1,500 government-guided funds have been established nationwide, attracting over 3 trillion yuan in social capital investments [4]. Group 3: Industry and Innovation Integration - The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area serves as a model for integrating industry and innovation, where leading tech companies collaborate with universities and research institutions to address the disconnect between R&D and market needs [5]. - The national technology contract transaction volume reached 6.8 trillion yuan in 2024, 1.8 times that of 2020, indicating a rapid acceleration in the integration of innovation and industry [5]. Group 4: Future Directions - Looking ahead to the "15th Five-Year Plan," there is a commitment to further enhance the integration of innovation chains, industry chains, funding chains, and talent chains [6]. - Emphasis will be placed on strengthening basic research and original innovation while promoting a better synergy between effective markets and proactive government initiatives [6].