COP30倒计时：中国已提交NDC，欧盟等缔约方仍未交卷

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming COP30 conference is facing significant challenges as key economic players show a lack of commitment to climate action, with only 64 out of 178 parties submitting new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), covering approximately 30% of global emissions from 2019 [2][4]. Group 1: NDC Submissions and Global Commitment - A total of 64 parties have announced or submitted new NDC reports for the period from January 1, 2024, to September 30, 2025, which represents about 30% of the 2019 global emissions [2][4]. - The United States has withdrawn from the Paris Agreement again, raising doubts among developing countries about the reliability of commitments made by developed nations [2][4]. - The European Union is struggling with its NDC3.0 submission, which has not yet materialized, despite previous commitments to submit before COP30 [2][5]. Group 2: China's NDC Submission - China officially submitted its 2035 NDC report on November 3, 2023, aligning its climate action goals with national development objectives [3]. - The NDC serves as a core compliance mechanism under the Paris Agreement, allowing countries to propose climate action targets based on their national circumstances [3]. Group 3: Challenges in Climate Financing - Developing countries face a significant funding gap for climate action, with a total of approximately $3.4 trillion needed for climate actions by 2030, while only $608.4 billion has been secured [12][13]. - The COP30 aims to address the structural bottleneck of "overabundance of funds, shortage of projects," as many climate goals lack sufficient financing projects [7][8]. - The need for private capital and market mechanisms is emphasized, as the target of $1.3 trillion in climate financing highlights the importance of private investment to complement public funding [13][18]. Group 4: Public-Private Collaboration - The success of COP30 hinges on the ability to translate past commitments into concrete actions, with a focus on executing the details of climate agreements [7][14]. - Public-private partnerships (PPP) are highlighted as a viable model for attracting private investment into climate projects, where government provides policy support and infrastructure, while private sectors handle operational aspects [19]. - The Asian Development Bank aims to leverage its climate funding to attract more social capital, emphasizing the need for effective risk management and policy frameworks to encourage private investment [18][19].