德国呼吁欧盟全面禁购俄钢铁：背后是欧洲钢铁业生存博弈

Core Viewpoint - Germany is calling for the EU to completely stop importing Russian steel, linking the industry's crisis to the issue of sanctions against Russia [1][3] Group 1: Current Industry Situation - The German steel industry is facing severe challenges, including rising energy prices, high tariffs from the U.S., competition from cheap Chinese steel, and cost pressures from green transformation [3] - The industry's sales revenue has declined for two consecutive years, dropping to €45.3 billion, a decrease of €5.3 billion from the previous year [3] - Russian steel billets are priced €80 per ton lower than products from other countries due to their low-cost advantages [3] Group 2: Impact of the Ukraine Conflict - The Ukraine conflict has significantly altered the steel supply chain in Europe, with Russia and Ukraine accounting for over 40% of global steel billet exports before the conflict [3] - Ukraine's steel production has plummeted by over 70%, and Russian exports to Europe have been restricted, yet the EU still imported €2.9 billion worth of steel from Russia in 2023 [3] Group 3: EU's Response and Internal Disagreements - The EU plans to raise steel import tariffs to 50% and halve import quotas, primarily targeting Chinese imports while also considering a complete ban on Russian steel [4] - If the EU bans Russian steel, countries like Turkey, China, and India may benefit by filling the market gap, while European steel producers like Thyssenkrupp could face reduced competition [4] - However, countries such as the Czech Republic, Italy, and Belgium are seeking exemptions due to their reliance on Russian steel billets, which could lead to production halts in Central and Eastern Europe [4] Group 4: Political Dynamics and Future Considerations - France is actively supporting a proposal for high tariffs on excessive steel imports, collaborating with Italy, Spain, and other nations [5] - The "European Patriotism" proposal may provoke retaliatory measures from other countries, potentially impacting Germany's automotive industry, which would ultimately harm the German steel sector [5] - The upcoming steel summit will address transformation, policy, and energy costs, but it is fundamentally a negotiation of interests among EU member states, balancing political correctness with operational realities [5]