英国汽车产量为何屡屡刷新“下限”？

Group 1: Industry Overview - The UK automotive industry is facing significant challenges, with September passenger car production dropping to just over 50,000 units, a year-on-year decline of 27% [2][3] - The overall automotive production in the UK, including commercial vehicles, saw a decline of 36% in September, highlighting the industry's ongoing struggles [2][4] - The production decline is attributed to multiple factors, including a major cyberattack on Jaguar Land Rover, which halted production and affected supply chains [3][4] Group 2: Jaguar Land Rover Impact - Jaguar Land Rover's production was completely halted in September due to a cyberattack, resulting in a loss of approximately 19 billion GBP in economic impact across 5,000 UK businesses [3][4] - The company’s three UK factories were offline for over five weeks, with a daily production capacity of around 1,000 vehicles [3][4] - The attack not only affected domestic production but also had repercussions on exports to key markets such as the EU and the US [3] Group 3: Commercial Vehicle Sector - The commercial vehicle sector is particularly struggling, with September production plummeting by 78% to just 3,229 units, marking the sixth consecutive month of decline [4][5] - Cumulative production for commercial vehicles from January to September was 39,151 units, down 58% year-on-year [4][5] - The closure of Stellantis's Luton plant earlier this year has significantly contributed to the decline in commercial vehicle production [4][5] Group 4: Export Challenges - The UK automotive industry heavily relies on exports, with the EU, US, Turkey, Japan, and South Korea being the top five markets [5][6] - In May, UK car exports to the US dropped by 55.4% year-on-year due to increased tariffs, while exports to the EU fell by 22.5% [6] - A new trade agreement between the UK and the US reduced tariffs on UK car exports, but challenges remain in the EU market due to weak demand and regulatory pressures [6] Group 5: Long-term Industry Outlook - The UK automotive sector is experiencing a "normalization of crisis," with ongoing production declines reflecting a challenging environment [5][6] - Factors such as rising costs, market changes, and the impact of Brexit are contributing to a decrease in the attractiveness of the UK as a manufacturing base [6][7] - The government’s tax policy changes and potential adjustments to employee car purchase schemes could further impact the industry’s competitiveness and employment [7][8] Group 6: Electric Vehicle Potential - Despite challenges, the UK automotive industry remains a significant player in global trade, with expectations of over 110 billion GBP in trade value [9] - The government has announced a strategy to boost electric vehicle production, aiming to return to the top 15 global automotive manufacturers by 2030 [9][10] - Sales of electric vehicles are on the rise, with the UK surpassing Germany in pure electric vehicle sales for the first time in 2024 [10]