巴西突然对稀土出口踩刹车，想买矿可以，但得拿技术来换才行

Group 1 - Bolivia's new president, Luis Arce, has overturned previous lithium mining policies, opening the door for foreign investment and cooperation [1] - Bolivia holds approximately 20% of the world's lithium reserves, making it a key player in the global shift towards electric vehicles and energy storage [1] - Latin American countries are shifting from merely exporting raw materials to demanding local processing and value addition [6][19] Group 2 - Chile has enacted laws requiring foreign companies to establish local processing facilities, with over 70% of processing needing to occur domestically [6] - Brazil has linked rare earth exports to technology transfer agreements, indicating a trend towards resource nationalism [6][21] - The U.S. is heavily reliant on lithium imports from Argentina and Chile, with over 90% of its demand met by these countries [13] Group 3 - China has established a strong foothold in Latin America, controlling over 85% of global rare earth processing capacity and investing in infrastructure projects [15][17] - Chinese companies, such as CATL, are negotiating to assist Bolivia in developing lithium extraction technologies, aligning with local demands for technology transfer [23] - The geopolitical landscape is becoming increasingly competitive, with the EU also seeking to establish a presence in Latin America through investment and cooperation [30][31] Group 4 - The upcoming elections in Chile could significantly impact lithium and copper export policies, as candidates have differing views on foreign investment and nationalization [25][26] - Environmental concerns are rising, with regulations being implemented to limit water usage in lithium mining, reflecting a shift towards sustainable practices [37] - Latin American countries are now actively negotiating better terms for foreign investment, seeking to maximize their benefits from resource extraction [38]