美国关税施压，中国为何稳如泰山？英国专家点出四张关键底牌

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the escalating trade tensions between the United States and China, particularly focusing on the significant tariffs imposed by the U.S. on Chinese electric vehicles and China's retaliatory measures, highlighting China's resilience and strategic advantages in the face of U.S. pressure [1][3]. Group 1: Tariff Impositions - The U.S. has imposed a staggering 245% tariff on Chinese electric vehicles, which has prompted China to respond with a 125% counter-tariff, showcasing China's willingness to confront U.S. trade aggression [1][3]. - The U.S. initially implemented a 34% "reciprocal tariff," which quickly escalated to 145%, indicating a pattern of extreme pressure tactics that China is not yielding to [3]. Group 2: China's Strategic Advantages - China possesses four key advantages in trade: control over rare earth resources, a large domestic market, a diversified trade network, and effective policy management [4][6][9]. - China's rare earth resources are particularly critical, as it controls over 90% of global processing and has advanced separation and purification technologies, making it difficult for the U.S. to find alternatives [11][15]. - The domestic market, with a population of 1.4 billion and a growing middle class, provides China with a buffer against external shocks, allowing for a shift from "scale expansion" to "value competition" [6]. Group 3: Trade Network Diversification - China has diversified its trade network significantly, with imports and exports to Belt and Road Initiative countries growing by 6.2%, now accounting for 51.7% of its total trade, surpassing traditional markets like the U.S. and EU [7][9]. - In 2025, China's exports grew by 8.3% and imports by 7.4%, demonstrating resilience in a complex global economic environment [9]. Group 4: Impact on U.S. Industries - China's recent expansion of export restrictions on rare earth elements, now including 12 types, poses a significant threat to U.S. industries, particularly in automotive and defense sectors, which rely heavily on these materials [13][15]. - The U.S. military's reliance on Chinese rare earths is underscored by the fact that the F-35 fighter jet requires 417 kg of rare earth materials, with China supplying 82% of global rare earth permanent magnet materials [15]. Group 5: Overall Trade Resilience - China's foreign trade structure is evolving, with a 59.4% share of electromechanical product exports, including a 28.7% increase in high-value products like electric vehicles and solar panels [15]. - The diversification of markets, with significant growth in exports to ASEAN and Africa, enhances China's resilience against U.S. tariffs, making the impact of the U.S. trade war less significant than anticipated [17].