构建深度脱碳体系，破解钢铁行业转型困境

Core Viewpoint - The steel industry in China faces significant challenges in achieving a green and low-carbon transformation, with carbon emissions accounting for approximately 15% of the national total, necessitating a comprehensive approach to overcome resource constraints, technological bottlenecks, and rising cost pressures [1][2]. Group 1: Current Status and Challenges - The steel industry has made progress in green low-carbon transformation through digitalization and ultra-low emission projects, with around 600 million tons of crude steel capacity undergoing ultra-low emission upgrades by July this year [2]. - Despite these efforts, the carbon emissions per ton of steel in China remain higher than international advanced levels, and the existing reduction potential is diminishing, requiring fundamental technological breakthroughs for deep decarbonization [2][3]. - The implementation of the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in 2026 may increase export costs for Chinese steel products, impacting the competitiveness of certain enterprises [2]. Group 2: Technological and Policy Bottlenecks - Low-carbon technologies such as hydrogen metallurgy and electric furnace processes are still in the early stages of commercialization, with high production costs and challenges in market promotion [3]. - The regulatory framework supporting deep decarbonization in the steel industry is not yet fully developed, with issues in quota allocation, market activity, and carbon pricing mechanisms that hinder effective incentives for low-carbon technology adoption [3]. - There are structural challenges in resource allocation, including difficulties in green electricity consumption and the large-scale application of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies [3][5]. Group 3: Recommendations for Acceleration - Strengthening technological innovation and industry-wide collaboration is essential, focusing on key technologies like hydrogen metallurgy and efficient electric furnace processes, while promoting the establishment of near-zero carbon emission demonstration plants [4]. - Innovating market mechanisms and stimulating demand for green products by integrating low-carbon steel procurement into green certification systems and reforming the carbon market to support companies adopting deep decarbonization technologies [4][5]. - Optimizing policy coordination and institutional support by implementing differentiated policies for long and short process steel mills, enhancing financing mechanisms for hydrogen metallurgy projects, and establishing cross-departmental coordination [4][5].