解码咖啡产业核心环节的运行逻辑

Core Insights - The coffee industry is characterized by significant price volatility and a complex supply chain, necessitating effective price risk management across all stages from production to consumption [1] - The integrated "seed to cup" model is emerging as a key direction for high-quality development in the industry, emphasizing controllable quality traceability and optimized cost structures [1] Coffee Storage Companies - The storage company primarily sources green coffee beans from Brazil, Colombia, Vietnam, Yunnan (China), Ethiopia, and Uganda, focusing on commercial coffee with a scale efficiency model [2] - Risk management measures include pest control through sticky traps and chemical sprays, moisture content monitoring, and specific handling procedures for beans exceeding quality standards [2] - Value-added services such as sorting, labeling, and door-to-door delivery to roasting plants are offered, with premium pricing for specialty bean storage [2] Coffee Trading Companies - The trading company specializes in importing green coffee beans, with a strong reputation in the industry and a focus on sourcing from key regions like Indonesia and Brazil, primarily dealing in Arabica beans [3][4] - The company employs a flexible sourcing strategy based on price, allowing it to quickly capitalize on cost advantages from different regions [3] - It maintains a low domestic inventory level due to high interest costs, relying on forward contracts to stabilize procurement [4] Processing and Storage Characteristics - Coffee beans have a typical shelf life of 1 to 5 years, with some international examples of beans stored for up to 10 years, particularly for instant coffee production [5] - The company adopts a dynamic inventory strategy based on demand, ensuring precise matching of stock to market needs [6] Pricing and Quoting Models - The pricing logic is based on a "basis plus market" approach, with non-public quotes tailored to specific customer needs, reflecting the personalized nature of coffee trading [7] - The company identifies key price influencers such as weather, macro policies, and supply-demand dynamics, employing a combination of basis contracts and regional hedging strategies to mitigate price fluctuations [8] Quality Control and Traceability - A dual quality detection system ("machine testing + cup testing") is established to ensure both objective and subjective quality standards are met [9] - The company provides detailed bean testing reports to clients, covering critical indicators like moisture and impurities, and emphasizes the relationship between bean quality and roasting techniques [9] Roasting Plants and Integrated Models - The roasting plant operates an integrated model with its own organic coffee plantation, focusing on high-end varieties like Geisha, with market prices reaching 800 RMB per kilogram [10] - The roasting facility has a production capacity that is expected to grow from 20 tons in 2024 to 100 tons over the next decade, while currently relying on external sourcing to meet demand [10][13] - The company employs customized roasting processes based on client specifications, enhancing product appeal and market responsiveness [12][14]