隐私币受关注：为什么纳瓦尔说 Zcash 是比特币的保险？

Core Insights - Zcash (ZEC) has regained interest as a leading privacy coin amid increasing financial regulations, positioning itself as a "freedom currency" that offers true financial privacy through advanced cryptographic technology [1][2] - The recent surge in Zcash's popularity is largely attributed to a statement by Naval Ravikant, highlighting Zcash as a safeguard against Bitcoin [1] - The report aims to explore Zcash's technology, infrastructure, and the catalysts behind its resurgence, while noting the volatility of its token price [1] Zcash Overview - Zcash is a privacy-focused digital currency launched in October 2016, operating on a proof-of-work blockchain with a fixed supply cap of 21 million coins and a predictable halving schedule [1] - It features fair distribution with no pre-mining and is decentralized, not relying on intermediaries [1] Privacy Standards - Zcash employs zk-SNARKs, allowing transactions to be verified without revealing sender, receiver, or amount details, providing complete transaction encryption [2] - The creation of zk proofs ensures that sensitive data remains confidential while confirming transaction validity [2] Transaction Types - Zcash offers optional privacy, allowing users to choose between transparent and shielded transactions through a dual address system [4] - Shielded transactions keep all transaction details private, enhancing the fungibility of ZEC [4] Major Upgrades - Zcash has undergone three significant upgrades to enhance its cryptographic technology and efficiency: - Sprout (2016) demonstrated the feasibility of privacy on public blockchains but had high computational requirements [5] - Sapling (2018) improved performance, making private transactions feasible on everyday devices and introduced features like diversified addresses [6] - Orchard (2022) achieved trustless privacy and scalability, supporting batch transactions and future second-layer solutions [7][8] Upcoming Upgrades - The Crosslink upgrade aims to introduce a hybrid proof-of-stake layer to enhance network throughput and security [9] - The Tachyon project seeks to significantly improve the scalability of Zcash's privacy protocol [9] Comparison with Monero - Zcash positions itself as a currency with optional privacy, while Monero offers default privacy in every transaction [10] - Zcash's privacy can be selectively disclosed for auditing, whereas Monero's privacy is always on, leading to different user experiences and compliance implications [10][12] Market Dynamics - The introduction of Zashi, an official Zcash wallet, has significantly improved user experience and contributed to the growth of shielded transactions [12][13] - Zashi's features include a user-friendly interface and support for multiple funding pools, leading to a dramatic increase in the use of shielded transactions [15][17] - The integration of Crosspay allows for cross-chain transactions while maintaining privacy, further driving user adoption [19][23] Importance of Privacy - As governments increase monitoring measures, Zcash has emerged as a hedge for users concerned about privacy erosion, appealing to both ideological and practical investors [24][25] - The upcoming halving event in November 2024 will reduce the issuance of new coins, potentially tightening supply and increasing demand [26][28]