胡泳：为什么使用AI的你，变得越来越笨？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the concerns surrounding over-reliance on artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI, and its potential negative impact on human cognitive abilities and critical thinking skills [1][10][18]. Group 1: Over-Reliance on AI - The rapid adoption of ChatGPT has led to over 800 million weekly active users, indicating its integration into daily life and work [1]. - Over-reliance on AI can result in "execution errors," where users blindly accept AI outputs without proper verification, leading to mistakes [2][3]. - Examples of over-reliance include HR personnel depending on AI for candidate screening and students submitting AI-generated essays without review [3][4]. Group 2: Cognitive Offloading and Its Effects - Cognitive offloading refers to the tendency to transfer cognitive tasks to AI, which may diminish individuals' ability to perform these tasks independently [2][4]. - The increasing use of AI in various fields, such as medical diagnostics, can lead to a decline in critical thinking and independent decision-making [2][3]. - The phenomenon of cognitive offloading is becoming a second nature for individuals, impacting their cognitive skills negatively [2][3]. Group 3: Impact on Critical Thinking - Research indicates a significant correlation between frequent AI use and lower critical thinking abilities, particularly among younger users [6][10]. - Studies show that while AI can enhance work efficiency, it may erode the cognitive skills necessary for critical judgment, leading to long-term dependency on AI [6][10]. - The rise of AI-driven social media algorithms further exacerbates the decline in critical thinking by promoting easily digestible but shallow information [7][10]. Group 4: Decline in Global IQ - The article references the "Flynn effect," which observed a rise in global IQ over decades, but recent trends indicate a potential decline in IQ scores in developed countries [14][15]. - Factors contributing to this decline include stagnant education quality and increased passive media consumption, which may hinder cognitive engagement [15][16]. - Studies suggest that reliance on AI for memory-related tasks can lead to a decrease in individual memory capabilities, supporting the idea of "use it or lose it" [16][17]. Group 5: The Future of Human Cognition - The article emphasizes the need to view AI as a cognitive partner rather than a replacement for human thought processes [18]. - It calls for a focus on developing critical thinking and other uniquely human skills to ensure that individuals do not become redundant in an AI-driven world [18][19]. - The potential for AI to reshape societal structures and values necessitates a careful examination of its impacts on human cognition and behavior [12][18].