比特币本轮调整：在“四年大周期”尾声 政府关门加剧了流动性冲击

Core Viewpoint - The cryptocurrency market, particularly Bitcoin, is undergoing a significant adjustment, with prices dropping approximately 20% since early October, influenced by a liquidity crisis stemming from the U.S. government shutdown [1] Group 1: Bitcoin's Four-Year Cycle - Bitcoin's four-year cycle is based on its halving mechanism, which reduces block rewards approximately every four years, leading to predictable supply shocks and historical price increases [2] - Historical patterns show that Bitcoin typically reaches a peak about 18 months after halving, followed by a bear market; the next halving is expected in April 2024 [2] - Some research suggests that Bitcoin may be moving away from traditional four-year cycles due to increased institutional investment and the introduction of spot ETFs, indicating a more mature market structure [2][3] Group 2: Supply Dynamics and Market Behavior - The impact of the upcoming 2024 halving on supply is expected to be weaker than in previous cycles, with the annual issuance rate dropping from approximately 1.7% to 0.85%, as most Bitcoin has already been mined [3] - Market pricing is becoming more reliant on capital inflow structures, particularly from institutional and long-term holders, rather than new supply changes [3] Group 3: Whale Selling and Market Trends - Recent data indicates that Bitcoin "whales" are reducing their holdings, while smaller retail wallets are increasing, aligning with typical behavior at the end of a market cycle [4] - Since August, whales have sold a total of 147,000 Bitcoins, valued at around $16 billion, with a decline in addresses holding over 1,000 Bitcoins [5] - The current selling pattern reflects a shift from whales selling to retail investors to a transfer of assets from old whales to new long-term holders, such as institutions and ETFs [9] Group 4: Liquidity Crisis and Market Impact - The U.S. government shutdown has led to a liquidity crisis, with the Treasury General Account (TGA) balance rising sharply, withdrawing significant liquidity from the market [10] - The TGA balance has increased from approximately $300 billion to $1 trillion, pulling over $700 billion in liquidity from the market, which has negatively impacted Bitcoin as a risk asset [12] - The tightening liquidity environment has resulted in increased overnight repo rates and a decline in bank reserves, further stressing market conditions [12][13] Group 5: Future Outlook and Potential Recovery - The potential reopening of the U.S. government could release significant liquidity back into the market, which may lead to a surge in demand for risk assets, including Bitcoin [20] - Analysts predict that once the government reopens, the release of pent-up liquidity could act as a catalyst for a strong rebound in Bitcoin and other sensitive assets [20] - Current trading prices for Bitcoin have fallen below the 200-day moving average, which may further suppress demand, highlighting the importance of technical indicators in investment strategies [21]