俄总理返程莫斯科后，普京下令做了一件事：要减少对中国的依赖

Core Insights - Russia is taking steps to develop a long-term roadmap for rare earth metal mining, reflecting its need to reduce dependence on external processing, particularly from China [2][5][14] Group 1: Russia's Rare Earth Resources - Russia has significant rare earth reserves, with proven reserves of 350 million tons, accounting for about 10% of the global total, and the Amur region alone holds 120 million tons [5][9] - The demand for rare earth elements, especially in high-tech and military sectors, is increasing, with annual needs for elements like neodymium and cerium rising from 800 tons pre-conflict to 1500 tons currently [7][9] Group 2: Current Challenges - Russia's rare earth industry faces technological weaknesses, relying heavily on China for processing, with 90% of its mined rare earths sent to China for purification [7][9] - The cost of mining in Russia is 40% higher than in China, and logistical challenges further complicate the situation, with some mines located far from transportation infrastructure [12][14] Group 3: Strategic Moves and International Context - Following the Ukraine conflict, Russia's military needs have intensified, prompting a more urgent focus on developing its rare earth capabilities [7][16] - Other countries, including the U.S. and Japan, are also working to establish independent rare earth supply chains, highlighting the global competition for these resources [11][16] Group 4: Cooperation with China - Despite efforts to develop its own capabilities, Russia continues to engage in cooperation with China, signing agreements for technology exchange and environmental support [14][16] - In 2024, Russia exported 1800 tons of rare earth raw materials to China, a 45% increase from the previous year, while China exported 1200 tons of processed products to Russia, indicating a mutually beneficial relationship [14][16]