普京“28天死命令”：押注稀土，中俄合作变局？

Core Insights - Russia is under pressure to develop a comprehensive roadmap for its rare earth and critical metals industry by December 1, as mandated by President Putin, indicating a strong desire to reverse its current situation and suggesting potential shifts in the global rare earth industry landscape [1][8] - The urgency of this directive reflects Russia's awareness of being marginalized internationally, particularly following recent geopolitical developments involving the US, China, and South Korea [1][4] Industry Overview - Russia possesses significant rare earth reserves, estimated at 28 million tons, with the Tomtor deposit being the largest single rare earth mine globally [1][10] - Despite its resource wealth, Russia's rare earth industry is hindered by technological shortcomings and an incomplete industrial chain, necessitating urgent action from the government [2][10] Strategic Goals - Putin aims to establish a complete industrial chain that supports defense, technology, and manufacturing, moving beyond mere mining operations [2][4] - The global rare earth industry is a key area of geopolitical and strategic competition, with control over the supply chain offering advantages in new energy, high-end manufacturing, and military technologies [4][11] International Relations - Russia is likely to pursue international cooperation, particularly with China, rather than viewing it solely as a competitor, due to its technological limitations [6][10] - The geopolitical landscape, including US and EU efforts to bolster their domestic rare earth industries, creates an opportunity for Russia to enhance its position in a multipolar world [4][6] Challenges Ahead - The development of the rare earth industry requires significant time and investment in technology, with Russia facing immense pressure to achieve breakthroughs quickly [10][11] - The success of this initiative is critical not only for economic benefits but also for national security, making it a focal point for global strategic observers [10][12]