打着“安全”旗号，德国拟重新评估对华贸易政策

Core Viewpoint - The German government is planning to reassess its trade policy with China, focusing on energy, raw materials imports, and Chinese investments in critical infrastructure, amid rising trade tensions between the two major economies [1][2]. Group 1: Trade Policy Changes - A motion has been proposed to establish an expert committee that will evaluate the security-related trade relations between Germany and China and provide recommendations to the government [1][3]. - The committee is expected to submit two reports annually to the German parliament, examining whether adjustments to foreign trade rules are necessary from legal, economic, and political perspectives [3]. Group 2: Economic Context - Germany has historically viewed China as a natural ally in promoting an open global trade system, which has significantly benefited its manufacturing sector [2]. - Recent events, including China's stricter rare earth regulations, have raised concerns in Germany regarding the supply chains of its key automotive industry, prompting a reevaluation of trade relations [2]. Group 3: Shift in Trade Dynamics - As of January to August this year, China has regained its position as Germany's largest trading partner, with trade volume reaching €163.4 billion, slightly surpassing the €162.8 billion with the United States [8]. - This shift is attributed to the reintroduction of tariffs by the U.S., which has led to a decline in German exports to the U.S. while imports from China have significantly increased [8]. Group 4: Political Statements and Reactions - German Chancellor Merz has expressed support for increasing tariffs on Chinese steel to protect struggling domestic industries, marking a significant shift from his previous stance against EU tariffs on China [5]. - The head of the German central bank has emphasized the need for Europe to closely scrutinize China's actions and protect its core industries, suggesting potential retaliatory measures if trade relations deteriorate further [6].