俄总理返回莫斯科后，普京下令了：即日起，减少对中国的依赖

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights Russia's urgent need to develop a national roadmap for rare earth metals, reflecting President Putin's high priority on this issue [1][19] - China has begun tightening its rare earth export policies, signaling a trend towards more systematic control, which has raised concerns in Russian leadership [3][17] - Russia's high-tech industries have faced significant challenges due to a shortage of rare earth resources, impacting production capabilities of critical military equipment [5][19] Group 2 - Russia possesses substantial rare earth reserves of 28 million tons, ranking fifth globally, but only extracts 2% of its proven reserves, with less than 1% of global production [6] - The development of Russia's rare earth industry is hindered by three main challenges: technology, funding, and environmental factors [6][7][9] - The lack of skilled engineers in the rare earth sector is a significant issue, with only about 1,200 engineers currently working in this field, a fraction of China's workforce [6] Group 3 - Financial constraints are a major barrier, as the rare earth industry requires substantial upfront investment and has a long payback period, compounded by Western sanctions and ongoing war pressures [7] - Environmental challenges include the remote locations of rare earth mines, which increase transportation costs and logistical difficulties [9] - Despite some progress in rare earth recycling, such as increasing recovery rates from 55% to 78%, the technology remains unstable for large-scale production [9] Group 4 - Russia is exploring external collaborations, particularly with India, to exchange technology for market access, while also considering partnerships with Belarus and Kazakhstan for logistical support [11][13] - The academic community in Russia expresses skepticism about these collaborations, emphasizing the need for a complete supply chain from mining to market [15] - The recent tightening of China's export controls poses a realistic challenge for Russia, highlighting the necessity for self-sufficiency in rare earth production [17][19]