约翰·邓普顿的16条投资原则

Group 1 - The purpose of investment is to achieve the maximum real total return after accounting for taxes, inflation, transaction commissions, and fees [2] - Investors should adopt a flexible and open attitude towards different types of investments, including blue-chip stocks, cyclical stocks, corporate bonds, convertible bonds, U.S. Treasury bills, and cash [2] - Buying at low prices is essential, which involves estimating a company's earnings and cash flow over five years to determine if the stock price is low relative to its intrinsic value [2][3] Group 2 - Focus on undervalued companies within high-quality stocks, such as those with strong sales or technology, proven management, low-cost production, strong capital, or well-known consumer brands [3] - Diversification is crucial, involving investments across different companies, industries, risks, and countries, but should not be done blindly [3][4] - Conduct thorough research before investing, which may include due diligence or hiring experts, as this is an irreplaceable step [3][4] Group 3 - Actively monitor invested companies, as stock prices can become overvalued and competitive advantages may diminish [4] - Learning from personal and others' mistakes is vital to avoid repeating them [4] - Recognizing that outperforming the market is challenging, requiring investors to be smarter than both general investors and professional fund managers [4] Group 4 - Successful investing is a continuous process of seeking answers to new questions, as economic, political, and investment landscapes are always changing [4] - Investment beliefs should be based on research rather than gut feelings or solely on analysts' recommendations [5] - Avoid being misled or intimidated by media pessimism, as the market's development and innovation can improve living standards [5]