全球经济发展中的理念嬗变

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolution of development theories and practices across different historical contexts, emphasizing the need for innovative and adaptive approaches to economic development in response to changing global conditions [1][2][14][15]. Group 1: Historical Context of Development Theories - The transition to capitalism and industrialization in Western countries set a precedent for economic development, leading to the emergence of various economic theories that influenced global policies [1]. - Post-World War II, development economics emerged to address the urgent economic development needs of newly independent nations, drawing from Western industrialization experiences [2]. - Structuralism dominated development economics from the 1940s to the 1960s, advocating for government intervention and capital accumulation, but faced challenges in the 1970s leading to stagnation in developing countries [2]. Group 2: Shift to Neoliberalism - The rise of neoliberal economic theories in the 1980s, particularly the "Washington Consensus," promoted market liberalization and reduced government intervention, which ultimately led to significant failures in many developing nations [2]. - The period termed the "lost two decades" for developing countries highlighted the inadequacies of applying Western industrialization models to diverse economic contexts [2]. Group 3: New Development Concepts - The introduction of new development concepts by Xi Jinping emphasizes innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing as essential for high-quality economic growth [14]. - These new concepts aim to address the contradictions and challenges faced by China in the context of rapid development and changing global dynamics, moving beyond traditional development paradigms [14][15]. - The new development philosophy is positioned as a solution to contemporary global issues such as economic inequality, environmental degradation, and the challenges of globalization [15].