不让中国放松？“美国敲每个国家大门找稀土”

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. government is intensifying efforts to diversify its supply chain for critical minerals, particularly rare earth elements, in response to strategic concerns regarding dependence on China [1][5][6]. Group 1: U.S. Strategic Moves - The U.S. has been actively seeking partnerships with resource-rich countries like Australia, Malaysia, and Central Asian nations to reduce reliance on Chinese rare earths [1][5]. - A recent summit with Central Asian countries resulted in a $400 million investment agreement to strengthen the U.S. supply chain for critical minerals and rare earths [5]. - The U.S. Geological Survey updated its list of critical minerals, adding ten new elements, including copper and silver, indicating a broader focus on mineral resources [4]. Group 2: Challenges in Supply Chain - Despite having domestic rare earth reserves, the U.S. faces significant time delays (up to ten years) in bringing new mining operations online due to environmental challenges [2][6]. - A report from the Atlantic Council warns that even with aggressive expansion efforts, the U.S. may still struggle to prevent severe supply chain disruptions [2]. - Industry experts note that rebuilding the Western rare earth supply chain will take time and that the sector lacks the experience and technical expertise compared to China's established industry [7][8]. Group 3: China's Position - China currently dominates the global rare earth market, accounting for approximately 70% of mining and 90% of processing, which has become a critical leverage point in U.S.-China negotiations [1][6]. - Following China's export restrictions on critical minerals, U.S. manufacturers and defense contractors are urgently seeking alternative sources [5][6]. - China's recent export control measures are framed as a legitimate regulatory action, emphasizing its commitment to global supply chain stability [6].