俄乌冲突下的乌克兰能源战：黑暗中的冬季，核电站的警报

Core Points - Ukraine's energy system faces its most severe test since the war began, with power generation capacity dropping to zero due to Russian missile and drone attacks [3][4] - The attacks have led to nationwide rolling blackouts, with residents in Kyiv enduring 10 to 12 hours of darkness daily, severely impacting daily life and critical services [3][5] - The targeting of substations supplying power to nuclear plants raises concerns about potential nuclear crises, as these attacks could lead to cascading failures in the power grid [4][5] Energy Infrastructure Impact - The Ukrainian state energy company reported a complete loss of power generation capacity, resulting in 8 to 16 hours of power cuts across various regions [4] - The attacks have forced nuclear power plants to reduce output to prevent system failures, highlighting vulnerabilities in Ukraine's energy infrastructure [4][9] - The situation is exacerbated by the onset of winter, with millions adapting to life without consistent electricity and heating [5][9] International Response - The EU has condemned Russia's attacks on critical energy infrastructure and is exploring new sanctions, but the response has been criticized as insufficient given Ukraine's urgent needs [5][10] - The EU plans to provide €2 billion in support and has approved a €500 million loan for emergency gas purchases, although these measures may only offer temporary relief [9] - Despite the EU's financial support for Ukraine, it continues to import significant amounts of Russian gas, raising questions about the sincerity of its commitment to aiding Ukraine [9][10] Strategic Objectives - Russia's attacks on Ukraine's energy system aim to undermine civilian morale and disrupt military production capabilities, particularly as winter approaches [7] - The ongoing conflict has led to reciprocal attacks on energy infrastructure, escalating tensions and impacting civilians on both sides [9]