一票否决权，中国的优势还不够大，还可以更大｜地球知识局

Core Points - The new export regulations on rare earths from China signify a strategic shift in the global resource competition, requiring foreign companies to adapt to Chinese standards [3][5][6] - China's dominance in the rare earth market is underscored by its control over over 90% of heavy rare earth resources and significant technological advantages in extraction and processing [9][17][28] - The recent regulations reflect a long-term strategy to enhance China's bargaining power in the global rare earth supply chain, which has historically been undervalued [41][55] Group 1: New Regulations - The new export control measures require all export license applications to be submitted in Chinese and in WPS format, a domestic software, rather than international formats like Word or PDF [3][5] - This regulatory change is part of a broader strategy to assert China's control over its rare earth resources and to ensure compliance from foreign companies [6][9] Group 2: Strategic Importance of Rare Earths - Rare earths are critical for modern industries, with applications in new energy, aerospace, and electronics, accounting for 70% of demand in emerging sectors [9][12] - The AI industry, in particular, relies heavily on rare earths for chip manufacturing, highlighting their strategic importance in technological advancements [12][56] Group 3: China's Resource Advantages - China possesses unique advantages in rare earth resources, being the only country with large-scale deposits of both light and heavy rare earths, controlling over 90% of heavy rare earth resources globally [17][26] - The Baiyun Obo mine in Inner Mongolia is noted as the world's largest light rare earth deposit, showcasing China's significant resource endowment [17][20] Group 4: Historical Context and Market Dynamics - China's rare earth industry has evolved from being a low-cost exporter to a more strategically controlled sector, especially after facing international legal challenges regarding export quotas [38][41] - The establishment of the China Rare Earth Group in 2021 aimed to consolidate the industry and enhance control over the supply chain, marking a significant shift in China's approach to rare earth management [52][55] Group 5: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite its strengths, China still faces challenges in high-end applications and needs to improve in areas like green mining and waste recovery [58][61] - The lack of a unified "Chinese price standard" in the international market indicates that China must continue to innovate and strengthen its position in high-value segments of the rare earth industry [61]