全球肺癌关注月｜体检查出肺结节意味着什么？

Core Viewpoint - Lung cancer is the most prevalent and deadly malignancy in China, with an increasing number of lung nodules being detected due to the widespread use of chest CT scans. Most lung nodules are benign, and immediate surgery is not always necessary [1][3][4]. Group 1: Lung Nodules and Diagnosis - Lung nodules larger than 2mm can be detected via CT scans, and the majority of these nodules are benign. Initial detection should not cause panic; regular follow-ups are recommended based on medical advice [1][3]. - Overdiagnosis and overtreatment are common due to the anxiety surrounding ground-glass nodules, with over 95% of nodules smaller than or equal to 3cm being benign. Nodules smaller than 6mm typically do not require intervention and can be monitored through annual health check-ups [3][4]. Group 2: Screening Recommendations - Experts recommend that high-risk individuals over 50 years old should undergo at least one chest CT scan for early lung cancer screening. This is particularly important as lung cancer symptoms are often not apparent until advanced stages [4][6]. - High-risk groups include individuals over 50, heavy smokers (smoking index over 400), those with a family history of tumors, and individuals with chronic lung diseases or occupational exposures [6]. Group 3: Treatment and Survival Rates - Despite the high incidence of lung cancer, treatment methods have matured, leading to a gradual increase in the 5-year survival rate for lung cancer patients in China [7]. - New minimally invasive techniques for lung nodule removal have been developed, allowing for smaller incisions and quicker recovery times. For instance, a recent case involved a 3mm incision for a successful nodule removal, confirming the nodule as in situ cancer [9][11]. - The treatment landscape for lung cancer is evolving towards precision medicine, with advancements in targeted and immunotherapy leading to more personalized treatment approaches [12][14].