众议院即将投票，美国政府开启“漫长重启”

Core Points - The U.S. House of Representatives is set to vote on a spending bill to end a record-long government shutdown that has lasted 43 days since October 1, affecting hundreds of thousands of federal employees and causing significant disruptions in various sectors [1][4] - The shutdown has led to delays in flights, hindered the release of key economic data, and threatened food assistance for millions of families, with national parks and museums also closed [1][5] - The Congressional Budget Office estimates that a six-week shutdown will reduce fourth-quarter GDP by 1.5 percentage points, resulting in a net loss of approximately $11 billion [1][5] Legislative Developments - The bill includes a controversial provision allowing senators to claim $500,000 if their phone records were collected without their knowledge, which has sparked bipartisan backlash [2][3] - Some Republican lawmakers plan to propose separate legislation to repeal this provision after the government reopens [3] - House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries stated that Democrats will continue to push for an extension of healthcare subsidies, indicating that the legislative battle is not over [3] Government Operations - The government will require several days to fully restart operations after the bill is passed and signed by the President, with some agencies potentially not resuming until the following week [4] - Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy indicated that flight restrictions would begin to be lifted within a week of the government reopening, coinciding with the Thanksgiving travel peak [4] Economic Impact - The economic impact of the shutdown is expected to be significant, with estimates suggesting that each week of the shutdown costs the economy between $10 billion and $15 billion [6] - While back pay will be issued to federal employees, the process of recalculating salaries may take time, and some costs associated with the shutdown will be irrecoverable [5][6] - The shutdown has also delayed the release of important economic data, creating a potential data gap that could distort future economic forecasts [6]