中国如约放宽对美稀土限制，却对军用稀土一封到底？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's potential simplification of rare earth export processes to the U.S., while maintaining strict controls on military-related exports, indicating a strategic approach to balance global supply chain stability and national security [1][6]. Group 1: China's Strategy - China aims to ensure stable supply chains while tightening controls on military applications of rare earths, reflecting a dual focus on global stability and national security [1][6]. - The Chinese rare earth industry has been developed over decades, establishing a comprehensive supply chain from resource extraction to application, making it difficult for other countries to bypass China [1][8]. - China's approach to rare earth exports is not a blanket policy but rather a targeted strategy that distinguishes between civilian and military uses [6][11]. Group 2: U.S. Response and Challenges - The U.S. military heavily relies on Chinese rare earths for various technologies, including fighter jets and drones, leading to calls for reducing dependency, but progress has been slow [2][4]. - Despite efforts to rebuild its rare earth industry, the U.S. faces significant challenges, including underdeveloped domestic refining technologies and high costs, which hinder its ability to achieve independence [4][6]. - The U.S. has been vocal about its desire for independence from Chinese rare earths, but its actions have not matched its rhetoric, revealing a lack of preparedness [4][11]. Group 3: Global Implications - European countries, while advocating for risk reduction, have begun negotiating with China for long-term rare earth supply agreements, recognizing their dependence on Chinese resources for military and industrial needs [4][8]. - The article highlights that China's control over rare earths serves as a strategic leverage point in international relations, particularly in the context of U.S.-China trade tensions [8][11]. - The dynamics of the rare earth market illustrate a broader power imbalance, with China holding significant advantages in resource control and industry integration [11][13].