为机器人装上智慧大脑（迈向“十五五"的创新图景）

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the acceleration of innovation in artificial intelligence and digital technologies, focusing on breakthroughs in foundational theories and core technologies, as well as enhancing the efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, and data [1]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - A significant achievement was made when a bionic dual-arm robot successfully completed the autonomous transfer of samples, showcasing its ability to perceive, reason, and execute tasks like a human [2]. - The development process involved enhancing machine vision for precise identification and creating a rapid detection instrument for pharmaceuticals, addressing the challenge of integrating these independent systems [2][3]. - The team overcame the challenge of combining a flexible robotic body with a precise analytical instrument brain, introducing a large model as the intelligent core to achieve full-process autonomy [2][3]. Group 2: Design and Control Innovations - The first technical challenge addressed was the "bionic-driven integrated lightweight design," which involved creating a modular solution for single-joint integrated drive, sensing, and control to reduce weight and enhance response speed while achieving millimeter-level grasping precision [3]. - The next challenge was to endow the robot's "brain" with intelligent decision-making capabilities, leading to the development of a hierarchical decision control strategy driven by large models, creating a closed loop of understanding, planning, and control [3]. - An innovative "physical feedback learning" mechanism was established to record collision points and key parameters, converting these "failure experiences" into training data to continuously refine the large model's understanding and improve success rates [3]. Group 3: Future Goals - The goals for the upcoming "14th Five-Year Plan" include continuous breakthroughs in bionic integrated structures, the introduction of soft materials, and the coupling design of rigid and flexible components [3]. - There is a focus on deepening the integration of large models with embodied intelligence, tackling long-sequence task planning and multi-modal real-time decision-making capabilities [3]. - The aim is to construct an intelligent system demonstration that integrates "large models, bionic entities, and precision instruments," providing a universal solution applicable to laboratory automation and precision operations [3]. Group 4: Embodied Intelligence - Embodied intelligence is defined as enabling robots to perceive, think, and act in the physical world like humans, requiring a deep integration of bionic structural design and large model decision-making capabilities [4]. - The article highlights the necessity of simulating the complex coordination of human skeletal and muscular systems through breakthroughs in materials science and topology optimization [4]. - A cross-disciplinary team has been formed to address the challenges of understanding physical laws through real-world interactions, pushing the boundaries of embodied intelligence into broader application scenarios [4].