体检发现甲状腺结节？别慌，这份科学应对指南请收好

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that most thyroid nodules are benign and encourages proper understanding, early prevention, and scientific response to manage concerns effectively [1]. Group 1: Understanding Thyroid Nodules - A significant number of health check reports indicate the diagnosis of "thyroid nodules," but most of these nodules are benign [1]. - It is crucial to recognize the characteristics of nodules and the importance of early detection and management [1]. Group 2: Self-Examination Techniques - Self-examination can be performed by observing the neck while swallowing to check for any lumps [5]. - Palpation of the thyroid area can help identify any hard lumps that move with swallowing [7]. Group 3: Clinical Screening and Diagnosis - Thyroid ultrasound is a non-invasive method with high sensitivity for assessing nodules and determining TI-RADS classification, which is essential for evaluating malignancy risk [9]. - Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) is the gold standard for preoperative diagnosis of high TI-RADS nodules [11]. Group 4: Management Strategies - High-risk nodules should undergo ultrasound-guided FNA for pathological diagnosis to guide further treatment [15]. - Lifestyle adjustments, including regular sleep, exercise, and dietary management, are recommended to reduce risk factors associated with thyroid nodules [17][18]. Group 5: Emotional and Environmental Considerations - Managing stress and maintaining a balanced emotional state can help mitigate risks associated with thyroid nodules [22]. - Reducing exposure to environmental pollutants and adhering to occupational safety measures are essential for prevention [25][26]. Group 6: Importance of Regular Check-ups - Regular comprehensive health check-ups, including thyroid ultrasound and function tests, are vital for early detection of nodules, especially for high-risk individuals [29].