新闻1+1丨COP30气候变化大会上，有哪些分歧和共识？

Core Viewpoint - The UN climate conference in Belem, Brazil, is a critical moment for translating the "1.5 degrees Celsius target" from scientific consensus into practical action, with the absence of the US testing multilateral cooperation [1] Group 1: Challenges and Goals - The urgency of global climate change is evident, with extreme heat becoming more frequent, making consensus and actionable steps crucial at this juncture [1] - Key challenges in implementing national contributions include assessing the adequacy of efforts and the gap between national targets and global goals, particularly for developing countries that require financial support [1][4] Group 2: Principles for Progress - Countries must submit their 2035 emission reduction targets, adhering to the principles of the Paris Agreement, where developed nations should lead in reductions to allow developing countries more space for growth [4] - China's proposed national contribution targets are ambitious yet pragmatic, aiming for clearer pathways to implementation and demonstrating a commitment recognized by conference participants [4] Group 3: Impact of US Withdrawal - The impact of the US withdrawal from climate agreements is more significant this time, as it not only refrains from action but also influences other nations' efforts through legal and policy pressures [5] Group 4: China's New Targets - China's new 2035 emission reduction targets represent two breakthroughs: the inclusion of non-CO2 greenhouse gases and the first commitment to absolute reductions, aiming for a 5% to 10% decrease from peak emissions [7] - These efforts are seen as leading examples in global climate action [7] Group 5: South-South Cooperation - South-South cooperation plays a vital role in addressing climate change, as it allows developing countries to adopt solutions that facilitate a transition to zero-carbon renewable energy [9] - China's contributions in this area are recognized for their significant impact and effectiveness [9]