中国破解盐碱地治理难题 “不毛之地”变丰产田

Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes high-quality construction of high-standard farmland, protection of black soil, and comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land, aiming to enhance soil quality [1] Group 1: Saline-Alkali Land Utilization - The 2025 Saline-Alkali Land Comprehensive Utilization Technology Innovation Conference highlighted the gradual formation of a regional governance model and the collaborative development of characteristic agriculture in saline-alkali areas [1][2] - The report outlines over 40 innovative achievements in biological breeding, productivity enhancement, and ecological utilization of saline-alkali land [2] - Various technical models have been established, such as the "dry sowing and wet harvesting" in the Northwest Oasis area and integrated grass-livestock systems in the Ningxia Hetao Plain [2] Group 2: Agricultural Practices and Innovations - In Jiangsu's coastal saline-alkali areas, a water-drought rotation annual planting model has been developed, achieving a 20% increase in soil organic matter and maintaining soil salinity below 2‰ [2] - The report stresses the importance of preventing secondary salinization of farmland and establishing efficient drainage systems [3] - The focus is on selecting drought-resistant and salt-alkali tolerant crops to promote the development of characteristic agriculture in saline-alkali regions [4] Group 3: Development of Characteristic Agriculture - The report advocates for differentiated management of saline-alkali land usage, promoting various agricultural practices based on land conditions [4] - Successful cultivation of varieties such as Huanghua dry alkali wheat and Zhanhua winter jujube has been reported, along with the exploration of unique aquaculture models [4] - The development of the Yellow River Estuary wetland sheep industry is highlighted, emphasizing the need for standardization and branding to enhance product quality and recognition [5] Group 4: Breeding Innovation System - The establishment of a breeding innovation system for saline-alkali land is underway, with 68 new varieties of salt-alkali resistant crops developed and promoted across 26.32 million acres [7] - The National Saline-Alkali Land Comprehensive Utilization Technology Innovation Center is working on enhancing breeding efficiency and levels through collaboration and innovation networks [7]