中国心梗救治日：看懂心梗信号 掌握健康主动权

Core Viewpoint - The incidence and mortality rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are increasing annually in China, particularly during the autumn and winter seasons when cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent due to lower temperatures, which heighten the risk of heart attacks [1]. Group 1: Symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction - Typical symptoms include severe chest pain lasting more than 15 minutes, which does not improve with rest or nitroglycerin [6]. - Chest pressure sensation, described as feeling like a heavy weight on the chest, may persist for several minutes or recur [7]. - Atypical symptoms may include radiating pain to the left shoulder, arm, jaw, or teeth, with women more likely to experience these non-typical symptoms [8]. - Other symptoms can include dizziness, weakness, cold sweats, pale complexion, difficulty breathing, nausea, and vomiting [10][11]. Group 2: Emergency Response Measures - Immediate actions include stopping all activities, lying down, and loosening tight clothing to calm down and improve oxygen supply to the heart [14]. - It is crucial to call emergency services promptly and provide accurate information about the patient's condition and medical history [15]. - If chest pain persists and blood pressure is stable, sublingual nitroglycerin may be administered; otherwise, alternative medications should be considered [16]. Group 3: Risk Factors and Causes - Risk factors for AMI include age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and a family history of heart disease [25]. - Common triggers for heart attacks include physical exertion, emotional stress, and unhealthy dietary habits [25]. - Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and coronary artery spasm due to various stimuli can lead to acute myocardial infarction [19][20]. Group 4: Prevention and Lifestyle Adjustments - Dietary recommendations emphasize low saturated fat and cholesterol intake, with a focus on fresh vegetables and whole grains [27]. - Maintaining a positive mindset and engaging in regular physical activity can benefit heart health [28]. - Avoiding excessive strain, monitoring high-risk factors, and adhering to prescribed medication regimens are essential for prevention [30][31][33].