电磁弹射背后中美能源路线之争，美国到底差在哪儿了？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's significant advancements in aircraft carrier technology, particularly the electromagnetic catapult system on the Fujian aircraft carrier, which allows for rapid aircraft launches in just two seconds, marking a major technological breakthrough after over 20 years of development [1][2]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - The Fujian aircraft carrier's electromagnetic catapult technology enables the J-35 fighter jets to take off within two seconds, showcasing China's technological prowess [2]. - China's approach to electromagnetic catapult technology, utilizing a medium-voltage direct current system, has allowed it to surpass the United States, which has faced challenges with its medium-voltage alternating current system [3][13]. Group 2: Comparison with the United States - The U.S. Navy initially led in deploying electromagnetic catapult systems but has been hindered by a reliance on nuclear power and established partnerships with steam catapult manufacturers, leading to resistance against adopting new technologies [4][5]. - Between 2017 and 2023, the U.S. Navy's latest aircraft carrier, the USS Ford, experienced significant failures with its electromagnetic catapult system, with an average of one serious malfunction every 400 launches [7][8]. Group 3: Systemic Issues in the U.S. - The U.S. military's reluctance to embrace new technologies is attributed to entrenched interests and a lack of urgency in addressing the shortcomings of existing systems, as highlighted by former President Trump's comments dismissing electromagnetic catapults [12][20]. - The U.S. faces challenges in manufacturing capabilities for advanced systems due to a hollowed-out industrial base and a shortage of skilled labor, which hampers its ability to compete with China's advancements [20][22]. Group 4: China's Strategic Advantages - China's long-term investment in energy and power infrastructure has provided a solid foundation for its advancements in electromagnetic catapult technology, allowing for efficient energy conversion and system responsiveness [13][21]. - The Chinese military-industrial complex benefits from a centralized approach to resource allocation, enabling it to develop a comprehensive supply chain for advanced technologies, unlike the fragmented U.S. system [22].