【专访】郑江淮：破解内卷式竞争并非限制竞争，要从四个维度发力 | 前瞻十五五㉒

Core Viewpoint - The shift in focus from "technological innovation" to "building a modern industrial system" in China's 15th Five-Year Plan is aimed at creating a synergistic relationship where innovation leads industry and industry supports innovation, crucial for establishing a global production system centered on China [1][9]. Group 1: Modern Industrial System - The establishment of a modern industrial system is prioritized to address the shortcomings in China's industrial structure and to enhance the synergy between technological innovation and industrial application [8][30]. - The modern industrial system is seen as essential for transforming technological potential into economic growth, emphasizing the need for a complete support system from basic research to industrial application [8][9]. Group 2: Strategic Emerging Industries - The 15th Five-Year Plan emphasizes the development of strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, aerospace, and low-altitude economy, marking the first time since the 12th Five-Year Plan that new energy vehicles are not included [2][10]. - The exclusion of new energy vehicles indicates a transition from a policy-driven growth phase to a market maturity phase, reflecting a shift from scale expansion to quality enhancement in industrial policy [2][10]. Group 3: Involution in Competition - Involution in the new energy vehicle industry has emerged, characterized by low efficiency and stagnant total factor productivity growth, necessitating a policy shift to correct market failures and promote high-end, intelligent, and green transformations [12][15]. - The adjustment in policy aims to guide the industry from price competition to value competition, focusing on core technology breakthroughs and product quality improvements [12][15]. Group 4: Lessons from International Experience - International experiences highlight that dynamic adjustments in industrial policy are common among developed countries, which adapt their support strategies as industries mature [11][12]. - The U.S. and Japan have successfully navigated similar challenges by shifting their focus from broad subsidies to targeted support for advanced technologies, providing a model for China's policy evolution [11][12]. Group 5: Structural Shortcomings and Challenges - China's capital, technology, and talent factors face structural shortcomings that hinder its transition to a developed economy, with a need for improved global competitiveness in these areas [27][30]. - The focus on enhancing the quality of factor inputs and ensuring stable returns on capital is crucial for overcoming the "middle-income trap" and achieving sustainable economic growth [27][30].