机器人“背后有人”真相：自主化尚未成熟

Core Viewpoint - The development of humanoid robots has raised questions about whether they are operated by humans, with recent advancements showing significant improvements in their autonomous capabilities, although many still rely on remote control for operation [2][3][6]. Group 1: Current State of Humanoid Robots - Humanoid robots have shown notable progress in athletic abilities, now capable of complex movements such as long-distance running, somersaults, and even competitive sports, with examples like TianGong Ultra and SongYan Power N2 completing a half marathon autonomously [3]. - Despite advancements, many humanoid robots still operate under remote control, which is categorized into basic remote control and more complex remote operation, the latter being essential for data collection and model training [3][4]. Group 2: Remote Operation vs. Remote Control - Remote operation is distinguished from simple remote control; the former involves real-time control using advanced devices, allowing for more intricate movements and data collection for training purposes [4][5]. - The reliance on remote control is partly due to the current limitations in data availability and the need for specialized models to perform specific tasks effectively [6]. Group 3: Future Prospects and Challenges - Some industry experts express optimism that the reliance on remote control may diminish as commercial demand for fully autonomous robots increases, particularly in sectors like banking and education [7]. - The industry is exploring various technical routes to enhance the generalization capabilities of embodied intelligence, including end-to-end models and hierarchical models, but significant challenges remain before achieving true autonomy [8].