德国倒向俄气？欧盟加速俄能源脱钩，德州长逆势宣布：要用俄气

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the irreversible decoupling of Russia and Europe in the energy sector, with Germany's energy policy becoming a focal point of public discussion following comments from Saxony's governor advocating for the resumption of Russian gas imports if the Ukraine war ceases [1][3] - Since the outbreak of the Ukraine conflict, the EU has imposed sanctions on Russia, particularly targeting the energy sector, which has historically seen significant reliance on Russian imports, accounting for 45% of natural gas, 30% of oil, and nearly 50% of coal in 2021 [1][3] - The EU's REPowerEU plan was introduced in 2022 to reduce dependence on Russian gas, but its implementation faces challenges due to insufficient infrastructure and the lengthy timeline required for new projects [1][3] Group 2 - Germany, as the economic engine of the EU, has been under significant pressure due to the energy decoupling from Russia, with pre-conflict dependencies of 55% on natural gas, 35% on oil, and 50% on coal [3] - The German government announced a complete halt to Russian energy imports starting in 2023, seeking alternative sources such as Norway and Qatar, but faces difficulties as Norway approaches production limits and Qatar prioritizes long-term contracts with Asia [3] - Energy prices in Germany surged by 40% year-on-year by 2023, leading to increased industrial electricity costs and forcing high-energy industries to reduce production or relocate, exemplified by BASF's closure of domestic chemical production lines for the first time since WWII [3] Group 3 - The energy crisis and inflation in Germany have contributed to a shrinking economy, with the eurozone inflation rate exceeding 10.7%, marking a historical high [3] - The geopolitical landscape of global energy is shifting, with the U.S. expanding LNG exports to the EU, becoming the largest supplier despite high prices exacerbating energy poverty in Europe [3] - Russia is advancing the Power of Siberia-2 gas pipeline project and securing long-term supply contracts with China and India, while the global energy market is increasingly polarized between OPEC+ led by Saudi Arabia and Russia, and the U.S.-led shale oil alliance [3] Group 4 - Germany's energy choices reflect deep-seated contradictions between energy security, economic interests, and political positions, with potential short-term solutions including increased gray imports and expanded renewable energy deployment [5] - A complete detachment from Russian energy reliance will require several years, necessitating the EU to accelerate the construction of a unified energy market and strengthen cooperation with regions like Africa and the Middle East [5] - The success of global energy transition will depend on advancements in technological innovation and the depth of international cooperation [5]