美国与沙特联手建稀土精炼厂，孙玉良：背后暗藏怎样的战略算盘？

Core Insights - Rare earth elements are gaining strategic importance globally, with a new collaboration between Mountain Pass Materials, the U.S. Department of Defense, and Saudi Arabia to build a rare earth refining plant in Saudi Arabia [1][3][5] - This partnership signifies a shift in control over rare earth resources, with the U.S. and Saudi Arabia forming a new model of cooperation in strategic resources [3][5][6] - The ownership structure of the project shows a balance of power, with Saudi Arabia holding at least 51% control, while Mountain Pass and the U.S. government hold 49% [3][5][6] Company and Industry Summary - The refining plant will process raw materials from Saudi Arabia and other regions, producing heavy and light rare earth products for the U.S. and Saudi manufacturing and defense industries, as well as other allied nations [3][5] - Mountain Pass Materials has become the only U.S. company with a complete rare earth supply chain since its establishment in 2017, and it has significant mining and processing capabilities in North America [3][5][6] - The Pentagon's investment in Mountain Pass Materials, which includes a ten-year agreement with minimum price clauses, underscores the importance of securing rare earth resources for national defense and industrial production [3][5][6] - Saudi Arabia's involvement reflects its strategic aim for economic diversification and maximizing the value of its mineral resources, estimated at $25 trillion [5][6] - The collaboration is not merely commercial but encompasses economic, technological, and military dimensions, indicating a new order in resource management in the Middle East [5][6][8] - The partnership aims to create a U.S.-centric rare earth supply chain, impacting global high-tech industries and defense manufacturing, as countries will need to consider this new supply structure for access to rare earth materials [6][8]