美经济学家：美国出现了严重战略误判，压根没料到中国会这么强大

Core Insights - The article discusses the misjudgments made by the U.S. regarding China's economic rise and the dynamics of U.S.-China relations, particularly in trade and technology sectors [1][4][12] Trade Relations - The U.S. initially believed that China's heavy reliance on exports to the U.S. would make it vulnerable to economic pressure, but this strategy backfired as China diversified its export markets towards emerging economies [3][6] - The U.S. trade war, initiated in 2018, aimed to force China into concessions but instead led to increased costs and inflation in the U.S., affecting households and small businesses [6][10] Technological Competition - In the high-tech and renewable energy sectors, the U.S. underestimated China's capabilities, which have significantly advanced in areas like solar energy, electric vehicles, and energy storage [10][11] - The U.S. imposed strict export controls on semiconductors in 2022, but China responded by increasing R&D investments and narrowing the technology gap, particularly in advanced chip manufacturing [11] Global Economic Dynamics - The U.S. has maintained a dominant position in global financial and industrial rules, but this is increasingly challenged by a shifting global power landscape [12][14] - The U.S. attempts to relocate supply chains to politically aligned countries have not been successful, while China has strengthened its global supply chain position through partnerships with Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa [12][14] Strategic Misjudgments - The U.S. has relied on traditional strategies and tools, underestimating China's strategic vision and systemic capabilities, which has led to a series of miscalculations in its approach to China [14]