风口下的RWA：万亿市场盛宴，还是泡沫？

Core Insights - The rise of Real World Assets (RWA) is transforming the financial landscape by tokenizing physical assets like real estate and art on blockchain, creating a new market for digital securities [1][2] - Despite the impressive growth in RWA market size, challenges such as liquidity issues and regulatory constraints remain significant hurdles [3][6] Group 1: Definition and Market Overview - RWA refers to the tokenization of tangible assets, allowing them to be traded on blockchain, which revolutionizes asset liquidity and trading [2] - The market for tokenized non-liquid assets is projected to reach $16 trillion by 2030, representing nearly 10% of global GDP [2] - As of mid-2025, approximately $24 to $25 billion of RWA has been successfully migrated to blockchain, a significant increase from under $5 billion in early 2023 [3] Group 2: Market Dynamics and Challenges - The RWA market is dominated by private credit and tokenized U.S. Treasury bonds, with BlackRock's BUIDL token valued at $2.42 billion and Ondo Finance's OUSG token at $1.76 billion, together accounting for nearly 20% of the market [3] - Despite high market valuations, RWA assets often serve as "on-chain savings accounts" for institutional and high-net-worth investors, leading to low trading activity [3][6] - Liquidity issues are prevalent, with tokenized real estate and art facing severe trading challenges, often resulting in significant price discrepancies [6][8] Group 3: Driving Factors Behind RWA Popularity - The disparity in yields between decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols and U.S. Treasury bonds has driven capital towards the latter, enhancing the appeal of tokenized bonds [5] - Traditional financial institutions are increasingly entering the RWA space, providing legitimacy and support for the market [5] - RWA offers democratized investment opportunities, allowing smaller investors to access high-value assets that were previously out of reach [5] Group 4: Structural Barriers to RWA Development - Regulatory challenges exist as many RWA tokens are classified as securities, limiting market participation due to compliance requirements [7] - The lack of a unified trading platform leads to fragmented liquidity, making price discovery inefficient and increasing transaction costs [7] - The unique nature of each RWA asset complicates valuation, creating significant bid-ask spreads and hindering market participation [8] Group 5: Future Pathways for RWA - A hybrid market structure combining centralized and decentralized platforms may provide a solution to current challenges, allowing for compliant issuance and trading [9] - Utilizing collateralized lending models can enhance liquidity for RWA holders without necessitating asset sales [9] - Establishing standardized asset disclosures and valuation frameworks will help reduce information asymmetry and improve market efficiency [9][10]