全球科研城市十强大洗牌！中国占6席，北京上海稳坐冠亚军，天津去哪了

Core Insights - The 2025 Nature Index rankings highlight that Chinese cities dominate the top ten, with Beijing ranked first for nine consecutive years and Shanghai second, while other cities like Nanjing, Guangzhou, Wuhan, and Hangzhou have also improved their standings [1][3][5] - In contrast, American cities have seen a decline in their rankings, with New York, Boston, and the San Francisco Bay Area experiencing negative growth in their contributions [5][7] - The rankings reveal a disparity in research strengths, with Chinese cities excelling in basic sciences while Western cities maintain dominance in life and health sciences [7][9] Chinese Cities' Performance - Chinese cities occupy six of the top ten spots in the Nature Index, with Beijing leading at a contribution share of 5501.45, followed by Shanghai at 3151.61, which has seen a nearly 20% year-on-year increase [3][5] - Nanjing, Guangzhou, and Wuhan each surpassed a contribution share of 1500, while Hangzhou entered the top ten for the first time with a share of 1351.70 [3][5] Decline of American Cities - American cities in the top ten have experienced a comprehensive decline in their contribution shares, with notable cities like New York and Boston still in the rankings but showing negative growth [5][7] - Simon Baker, editor of the Nature Index, noted that Chinese cities are solidifying their leading positions across various disciplines, particularly in chemistry, physical sciences, and earth and environmental sciences [5][7] Research Strength Disparity - The advantage of Chinese cities is concentrated in basic sciences, while life sciences and health sciences remain dominated by Western cities, with New York and Boston holding the top two spots in biological sciences [7][9] - Despite this, cities like Guangzhou and Shanghai are rapidly improving in health sciences, indicating a potential shift in research capabilities [7][9] Tianjin's Challenges - Tianjin is notably absent from the top rankings, with its research strength declining compared to other cities, and it ranked 18th globally in 2023 [9][11] - The city's R&D investment as a percentage of GDP is lower than that of Beijing and Shanghai, and its number of effective invention patents is only about 10% of those cities [9][11] Structural Issues - Tianjin faces significant structural challenges, with only 25.3% of its industrial output coming from strategic emerging industries, which is 18.6 percentage points lower than Shanghai [11][13] - The city has a high reliance on traditional industries, leading to slow transitions in resource consumption and insufficient support for emerging fields [11][13] Innovation and Collaboration Barriers - The city struggles with insufficient technological innovation support, lack of effective collaboration with Beijing, and low levels of enterprise participation in R&D [11][17] - The gap in technology contract transactions between Tianjin and neighboring provinces like Liaoning and Jiangsu highlights the challenges in leveraging its geographical advantages [13][17] Efforts to Revitalize - Tianjin is attempting to revitalize its innovation ecosystem through initiatives like the Tianjin-Kai High-Tech Innovation Park, focusing on AI and new energy, which has attracted 300 tech companies [18] - The number of national high-tech enterprises in Tianjin surpassed 11,000 in 2024, with a 14% year-on-year increase in technology contract transactions [18]