措手不及的欧洲：为何反对美方“28点”，急推什么替代方案？

Core Points - The article discusses the contrasting peace plans regarding the Ukraine conflict, highlighting the U.S. proposal led by the Trump administration and the European response, which criticizes the U.S. plan as being too accommodating to Russia [1][2][3]. Group 1: U.S. Peace Plan - The U.S. and Ukraine have reportedly made "meaningful progress" in aligning their positions and drafting an updated peace framework during talks in Geneva [1]. - The U.S. plan includes territorial concessions from Ukraine and a reduction of its military forces from 900,000 to 600,000, which has raised concerns among European leaders [2][3]. - U.S. Vice President Vance responded to European criticisms by emphasizing that peace requires realistic approaches rather than fantasies of victory through increased funding or military support [4]. Group 2: European Response - European leaders have expressed significant concerns regarding the U.S. plan, particularly about territorial concessions and military limitations on Ukraine, which they believe could leave Ukraine vulnerable to future attacks [2][3]. - A joint statement from several European countries criticized the proposed military restrictions, arguing that they would weaken Ukraine's defense capabilities [3]. - The European alternative plan suggests that territorial negotiations should occur only after a ceasefire and does not require Ukraine to withdraw from the Donbas region, unlike the U.S. proposal [5][6]. Group 3: Key Differences Between Plans - The European plan proposes a stronger security guarantee for Ukraine, similar to NATO's Article 5, while the U.S. plan emphasizes reliability in security assurances [6]. - The European alternative does not include provisions for the U.S. to receive 50% of future earnings from frozen Russian assets in Ukraine, which is part of the U.S. proposal [6]. - Both plans agree on the necessity of reintegrating Russia into the global economy, but the European plan suggests a phased approach to lifting sanctions [6].