Core Insights - The Guangdong provincial government approved the investigation report on the major collapse incident at the Shenzhen-Jiangmen Railway, which occurred on December 4, 2024, resulting in 13 fatalities and direct economic losses of approximately 72.61 million yuan [1][2] Group 1: Incident Overview - The collapse was caused by non-compliant construction practices by the participating units, leading to a partial collapse of the tunnel face and subsequent ground subsidence [1] - The investigation identified that the surrounding rock stability changed from level III to level IV, which was not addressed by halting excavation or modifying support methods [1][2] Group 2: Responsibility and Accountability - Multiple entities were found responsible for the incident, including China Railway Fourth Engineering Group, Xiamen-Shenzhen Railway Guangdong Co., and others, with recommendations for administrative penalties and written accountability checks [2][3] - The investigation revealed deficiencies in management, risk control, emergency response, and supervision across the involved organizations [2][3] Group 3: Lessons Learned and Recommendations - Six major lessons were identified, including failures in risk prevention, monitoring, and emergency response systems, as well as inadequate management practices [4] - Six recommendations were proposed to enhance safety, including improving risk prevention measures, strengthening construction safety protocols, and enhancing emergency response capabilities [4]