在激烈国际竞争中赢得战略主动

Core Viewpoint - Achieving high-level technological self-reliance and strength is crucial for China's modernization, as emphasized by General Secretary Xi Jinping [2][3]. Group 1: Technological Self-Reliance - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes technological self-reliance as a strategic support for national development, while the "15th Five-Year Plan" aims to accelerate high-level technological self-reliance to lead new productive forces [2]. - Over the past five years, China has made significant technological innovations, establishing a solid foundation for further advancements [2]. - The "15th Five-Year Plan" suggests consolidating advantages, breaking bottlenecks, and enhancing weaknesses to gain strategic initiative in international competition [2][3]. Group 2: Key Technological Breakthroughs - The successful development of single-atom-layer metals by a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences represents a significant innovation, challenging traditional views on metal forms [3]. - Key core technologies must be developed through independent innovation to address critical challenges, as demonstrated by advancements in the Beidou navigation system and domestic operating systems [4]. Group 3: Foundation of Basic Research - Basic research funding has increased by over 70% since 2020, with China leading in high-level international journal publications and patent applications for five consecutive years [6]. - The "15th Five-Year Plan" calls for a strategic, forward-looking, and systematic approach to enhance basic research, which is essential for original innovation [6][7]. Group 4: New Productive Forces - The integration of technological and industrial innovation is accelerating, with the "new economy" expected to account for over 18% of GDP by 2024, driven by sectors like artificial intelligence and biotechnology [13]. - The development of new productive forces is vital for high-quality growth, focusing on improving total factor productivity [13][14]. Group 5: Innovation Ecosystem - The establishment of a complete innovation ecosystem is necessary for transitioning from isolated breakthroughs to systematic capabilities, emphasizing collaboration across various sectors [9]. - The role of enterprises in driving technological innovation is highlighted, with initiatives to support high-tech enterprises and foster innovation clusters [15][16]. Group 6: Talent Development - The growth of high-impact scientists in China has reached 1,405, accounting for 20% of the global total, indicating a strong emphasis on nurturing talent in key technological fields [11]. - Educational reforms are needed to align talent development with industry needs, ensuring that students engage with real-world scientific challenges [11]. Group 7: Green Competitiveness - The introduction of carbon footprint reports for products, such as those from Zhejiang, showcases the importance of green competitiveness in global markets [12]. - Enhancing the "green attributes" of products is essential for improving the economic value of industries [12]. Group 8: Future Challenges and Opportunities - The next five years present significant challenges but also opportunities for China to enhance its technological capabilities and support modernization efforts [16].