经济学家宋清辉：管理“美国风险”成投资必修课

Core Viewpoint - The political polarization, debt expansion, and fiscal imbalance in the United States are expected to continue impacting global markets, making the identification and management of U.S. political risks a crucial aspect of global asset allocation [1][8]. Group 1: U.S. Government Shutdown and Political Risks - The recent temporary funding bill signed by President Trump ended a 43-day government shutdown, but it highlights long-term vulnerabilities in the U.S. fiscal system and the reality of political polarization [4][5]. - The funding extension only lasts until January 30, 2026, indicating that the fiscal "cliff" has merely been postponed, and future budget negotiations may lead to another shutdown [4][5]. Group 2: Economic and Investment Implications - Political risks are increasingly transforming into investment risks, as fiscal uncertainty diminishes the predictability of the U.S. economy, particularly affecting key investment areas like infrastructure and research [5][7]. - The total U.S. debt has surpassed $35 trillion, exceeding 120% of GDP, which raises concerns about future debt ceiling negotiations and potential increases in treasury yields, impacting global financing costs [5][7]. Group 3: Market Reactions and Future Outlook - The end of the shutdown has temporarily improved market sentiment, with stock markets and the dollar index rebounding, but historical trends suggest this optimism may not last [6][7]. - The U.S. fiscal issues represent a long-term structural risk, with rising interest payments potentially consuming a significant portion of federal revenue in the next decade [7][8]. Group 4: Recommendations for Investors - Investors are advised to enhance risk defense by optimizing global asset allocation, increasing exposure to quality assets in Asia and Europe, and using defensive assets like gold and short-term bonds to hedge against volatility [8]. - Establishing a dynamic policy risk monitoring system is recommended for institutional investors to assess the effects of U.S. fiscal negotiations and Federal Reserve policies [8].