生物制造，让二氧化碳变废为宝

Core Insights - The article discusses the potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a resource for biomanufacturing, highlighting its transformation into biodegradable plastics and other organic materials [1][4][12] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the need for breakthroughs in key technologies across various sectors, including biomanufacturing, with CO2 conversion being a significant focus [1][4] Group 1: CO2 as a Resource - CO2 is not only a greenhouse gas but also a crucial raw material for biomanufacturing, participating actively in the global carbon cycle [4][10] - Through biotechnological processes, CO2 can be converted into starch, proteins, fuels, and biodegradable plastics, showcasing its versatility [4][10][11] Group 2: Advances in CO2 Conversion - Recent advancements include the artificial synthesis of starch from CO2 without relying on photosynthesis, achieving higher efficiency than traditional agricultural methods [10] - The development of new carbon fixation pathways, such as the CETCH and POAP cycles, marks a significant step towards efficient CO2 utilization [9][10] Group 3: Industrial Applications - The industrialization of microbial protein production from CO2 is gaining traction, with companies successfully converting CO2 into feed protein using gas fermentation technology [11] - Research is ongoing to create biodegradable plastics from seawater CO2, indicating a potential solution for marine acidification and sustainable material production [12] Group 4: Future Implications - The exploration of CO2 bioconversion mechanisms is recognized as a major scientific challenge, with implications for achieving carbon neutrality goals [12] - Innovations in this field are expected to reshape material production models and contribute to a more sustainable carbon cycle [12]