强政府、富企业、穷居民：消费困境与破局之思

Group 1 - The core issue highlighted is the imbalance in income distribution, where the share of residents in the initial income distribution is only 60.6%, significantly lower than the global average, while the corporate sector takes a larger share [4][6] - In 2024, China's GDP is projected to grow by 5.2%, but the retail sales of consumer goods are only expected to increase by 4.5%, indicating a lack of genuine consumption recovery [3][4] - The total household deposits in 2024 surged by 14.26 trillion yuan, surpassing 203 trillion yuan, while the broad money supply (M2) reached 313.53 trillion yuan, suggesting that excess liquidity is not reaching consumers [3][4] Group 2 - The state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have assets totaling 400 trillion yuan, yet a significant portion of their profits is reinvested rather than distributed to employees or society [6][7] - The shift towards high-tech and new energy sectors is acknowledged, but these industries have high barriers to entry and do not create enough jobs to absorb the displaced workforce from traditional manufacturing [7][9] - The "15th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the need for reforms in income distribution, social security improvements, and affordable housing to enhance consumer spending and address the root causes of low consumption [7][9]